Homebrew 是一款 MacOS 平台下的软件包管理工具，类似 Redhat 的 RPM 和 Debian 的 APT，正如官网的简介“The missing package manager for macOS (or Linux)”，Homebrew 拥有安装、卸载、更新、查看、搜索软件包等很多实用的功能。
- Homebrew 官网：https://brew.sh/
- Github 项目：https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
- 帮助文档：https://docs.brew.sh/
1、安装 Homebrew
安装 Homebrew 非常简单，打开 MacOS 的终端，直接执行 Homebrew 的 Ruby 安装脚本即可：
ityoudao:~ wxy$ /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
==> This script will install:
/usr/local/bin/brew
/usr/local/share/doc/homebrew
/usr/local/share/man/man1/brew.1
/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew
/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/brew
/usr/local/Homebrew
==> The following new directories will be created:
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/local/Caskroom
==> The Xcode Command Line Tools will be installed.
Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir -p /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/Caskroom
Password:
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/Caskroom
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod 755 /usr/local/share/zsh /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown wxy /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/Caskroom
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/chgrp admin /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/Caskroom
==> Searching online for the Command Line Tools
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/touch /tmp/.com.apple.dt.CommandLineTools.installondemand.in-progress
==> Installing Command Line Tools (macOS Mojave version 10.14) for Xcode-10.2
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/softwareupdate -i Command\ Line\ Tools\ (macOS\ Mojave\ version\ 10.14)\ for\ Xcode-10.2
Software Update Tool
Downloading Command Line Tools (macOS Mojave version 10.14) for Xcode
Downloaded Command Line Tools (macOS Mojave version 10.14) for Xcode
Installing Command Line Tools (macOS Mojave version 10.14) for Xcode
Done with Command Line Tools (macOS Mojave version 10.14) for Xcode
Done.
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/rm -f /tmp/.com.apple.dt.CommandLineTools.installondemand.in-progress
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/xcode-select --switch /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools
==> Downloading and installing Homebrew...
remote: Enumerating objects: 2602, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (2602/2602), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (21/21), done.
remote: Total 3670 (delta 2583), reused 2597 (delta 2581), pack-reused 1068
接收对象中: 100% (3670/3670), 803.87 KiB | 529.00 KiB/s, 完成.
处理 delta 中: 100% (2890/2890), 完成 943 个本地对象.
来自 https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
ae0332a0f..bcc5f042b master -> origin/master
* [新标签] 2.0.5 -> 2.0.5
* [新标签] 2.0.6 -> 2.0.6
* [新标签] 2.1.0 -> 2.1.0
* [新标签] 2.1.1 -> 2.1.1
* [新标签] 2.1.2 -> 2.1.2
正在检出文件: 100% (1472/1472), 完成.
HEAD 现在位于 bcc5f042b Merge pull request #6143 from letmaik/letmaik/HOMEBREW_CURL_RETRIES
Updated 1 tap (homebrew/core).
==> New Formulae
aliyun-cli cfn-lint embree gel kubeaudit nlohmann-json proper solr@7.7
allureofthestars cmix fasttext gitleaks lazygit operator-sdk proteinortho terrahub
appstream-glib cpp-gsl faudio go@1.11 leela-zero ospray protobuf@3.6 vapoursynth-imwri
boringtun cql ffsend inlets libgr osqp pyinstaller vapoursynth-ocr
breezy csound frpc itk libzt otf2 s2geometry vapoursynth-sub
buildkit cubelib frps kahip llvm@7 phpstan scws volt
ccls cypher-shell gcc@8 ktlint mdbook pipx sk zabbix-cli
==> Updated Formulae
openssl ✔ gcc liblas prometheus
...
gawk libjson-rpc-cpp proj
==> Deleted Formulae
at-spi2-atk gtk-engines minisat plan9port ruby@2.3 tmux-cssh zxing-cpp
at-spi2-core gtk-murrine-engine monax protobuf@2.5 safe tomcat@6
go@1.4 js-test-driver node@6 protobuf@2.6 solr@5.5 typesafe-activator
go@1.8 libutf pdftoedn rlvm solr@6.6 xmoto
==> Installation successful!
==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate formulae and cask analytics.
Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:
https://docs.brew.sh/Analytics
==> Homebrew is run entirely by unpaid volunteers. Please consider donating:
https://github.com/Homebrew/brew#donations
==> Next steps:
- Run `brew help` to get started
- Further documentation:
https://docs.brew.sh
- 安装开始 Homebrew 会提示将要安装的脚本、创建的目录和安装 Xcode 工具，按回车键确认安装。
2、使用 Homebrew
查询 Homebrew 帮助文档
brew --help 查看 brew 命令的帮助菜单：
ityoudao:~ wxy$ brew --help
Example usage:
brew search [TEXT|/REGEX/]
brew info [FORMULA...]
brew install FORMULA...
brew update
brew upgrade [FORMULA...]
brew uninstall FORMULA...
brew list [FORMULA...]
Troubleshooting:
brew config
brew doctor
brew install --verbose --debug FORMULA
Contributing:
brew create [URL [--no-fetch]]
brew edit [FORMULA...]
Further help:
brew commands
brew help [COMMAND]
man brew
https://docs.brew.sh
man brew查看 brew 命令的 man 文档：
ityoudao:~ wxy$ man brew
brew home使用浏览器访问 Homebrew 官网：
ityoudao:~ wxy$ brew home
brew search 搜索软件
ityoudao:~ wxy$ brew search nginx
==> Formulae
nginx
brew info 查看软件包信息
ityoudao:~ wxy$ brew info nginx
nginx: stable 1.15.12 (bottled), HEAD
HTTP(S) server and reverse proxy, and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
https://nginx.org/
Not installed
From: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git/Formula/nginx.rb
==> Dependencies
Required: openssl ✘, pcre ✘
==> Options
--HEAD
Install HEAD version
==> Caveats
Docroot is: /usr/local/var/www
The default port has been set in /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf to 8080 so that
nginx can run without sudo.
nginx will load all files in /usr/local/etc/nginx/servers/.
To have launchd start nginx now and restart at login:
brew services start nginx
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
nginx
==> Analytics
install: 33,046 (30 days), 112,298 (90 days), 430,676 (365 days)
install_on_request: 31,267 (30 days), 105,472 (90 days), 396,686 (365 days)
build_error: 0 (30 days)
brew deps 显示软件包依赖信息
ityoudao:~ wxy$ brew deps nginx
openssl
pcre
brew install 安装软件包
ityoudao:~ wxy$ brew install nginx
Updating Homebrew...
==> Installing dependencies for nginx: openssl and pcre
==> Installing nginx dependency: openssl
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openssl-1.0.2r.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/c1/c1f8c06740398325c7028213b20b18c5de39763fbc81e5819c78a06ee0621170?__gda__=exp=1558234855~hmac=d6f77945d2d52
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2r.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots
keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in
the System keychain), place .pem files in
/usr/local/etc/openssl/certs
and run
/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash
openssl is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries.
If you need to have openssl first in your PATH run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
For compilers to find openssl you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"
==> Summary
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2r: 1,795 files, 12.1MB
==> Installing nginx dependency: pcre
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/pcre-8.43.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/08/08e7414a7641d1e184c936537ff67f72f52649374d2308b896d4146ccc2c08fe?__gda__=exp=1558234873~hmac=36e0ef23d9d3c
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring pcre-8.43.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/pcre/8.43: 204 files, 5.5MB
==> Installing nginx
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/nginx-1.15.12.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/f2/f2084e7e6ec97658001039be1be07aaaaae760427c990b1075cf4bf27d98a23c?__gda__=exp=1558234883~hmac=320061f53ad38
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring nginx-1.15.12.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
Docroot is: /usr/local/var/www
The default port has been set in /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf to 8080 so that
nginx can run without sudo.
nginx will load all files in /usr/local/etc/nginx/servers/.
To have launchd start nginx now and restart at login:
brew services start nginx
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
nginx
==> Summary
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.15.12: 25 files, 2MB
==> Caveats
==> openssl
A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots
keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in
the System keychain), place .pem files in
/usr/local/etc/openssl/certs
and run
/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash
openssl is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries.
If you need to have openssl first in your PATH run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
For compilers to find openssl you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"
==> nginx
Docroot is: /usr/local/var/www
The default port has been set in /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf to 8080 so that
nginx can run without sudo.
nginx will load all files in /usr/local/etc/nginx/servers/.
To have launchd start nginx now and restart at login:
brew services start nginx
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
nginx
brew list 列出已经安装的软件包
ityoudao:~ wxy$ brew list
gdbm git openssl pcre2 readline telnet
gettext nginx pcre python sqlite xz
brew list <软件包名称> 列出该软件包的所有文件，类似 rpm -qf <软件包名称>：
ityoudao:~ wxy$ brew list nginx
/usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.15.12/.bottle/etc/ (15 files)
/usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.15.12/bin/nginx
/usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.15.12/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
/usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.15.12/html -> ../../../var/www
/usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.15.12/share/man/man8/nginx.8
/usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.15.12/share/nginx/ (2 files)
brew update 升级所有软件
brew update 升级所有软件包，把所有的 Formula 目录更新，并且会对本机已经安装并有更新的软件用“ * ”标明：
ityoudao:~ wxy$ brew update
Already up-to-date.
brew upgrade 升级具体软件包
brew upgrade <软件包名称>升级指定软件包：
ityoudao:~ wxy$ brew upgrade nginx
Updating Homebrew...
Error: nginx 1.15.12 already installed
brew uninstall 卸载软件包
ityoudao:~ wxy$ brew uninstall nginx
Uninstalling /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.15.12... (25 files, 2MB)
3、修改 Homebrew 软件源
可以修改 Homebrew 的 formula 索引的镜像（即 brew update 时所更新内容），使用国内的镜像可以加快软件下载速度，比如清华大学开源软件镜像站.
查看当前上游信息：
// 查看brew.git:
ityoudao:~ wxy$ cd "$(brew --repo)"
ityoudao:Homebrew wxy$ git remote get-url origin
https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
// 查看homebrew-core.git
ityoudao:Homebrew wxy$ cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core"
ityoudao:homebrew-core wxy$ git remote get-url origin
https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core
替换现有上游：
// 替换brew.git:
ityoudao:homebrew-core wxy$ cd "$(brew --repo)"
ityoudao:Homebrew wxy$ git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git
ityoudao:Homebrew wxy$ git remote get-url origin
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git
// 替换homebrew-core.git:
ityoudao:Homebrew wxy$ cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core"
ityoudao:homebrew-core wxy$ git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
ityoudao:homebrew-core wxy$ git remote get-url origin
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
// 更新
ityoudao:homebrew-core wxy$ brew update
Already up-to-date.
如果更换后的 Homebrew 软件源有问题，可以重置 brew 上游：
// 重置brew.git:
ityoudao:homebrew-core wxy$ cd "$(brew --repo)"
ityoudao:Homebrew wxy$ git remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/brew.git
ityoudao:Homebrew wxy$ git remote get-url origin
https://github.com/Homebrew/brew.git
// 重置homebrew-core.git:
ityoudao:Homebrew wxy$ cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core"
ityoudao:homebrew-core wxy$ git remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core.git
ityoudao:homebrew-core wxy$ git remote get-url origin
https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core.git
// 更新
ityoudao:homebrew-core wxy$ brew update
Already up-to-date.